Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a fragrant evergreen herb native to the Mediterranean region, belonging to the Lamiaceae family, which also includes; mint, oregano and basil. It is prized for its aromatic leaves, which have a distinctive pine-like fragrance and a slightly bitter, woody flavor. Rosemary has been used for centuries as a culinary herb, medicinal plant and ornamental shrub.

Rosemary Habitat

Rosemary was originally cultivated on the shores of the Mediterranean. In fact, the herb’s Latin name, rosmarinus, is derived from the words “ros”, which is translated to dew, and “marinus”, which means sea, as Rosemary can survive on just the spray in the sea air. It is a plant well suited to growing in poor or sandy soil, high salt, high wind areas such as the conditions found by the sea.

History of Rosemary Use

Rosemary is a versatile herb valued for its culinary, medicinal, and ornamental qualities. Whether used to flavor dishes, support health and wellness, or add beauty to outdoor spaces, rosemary is a beloved herb with a rich history and cultural significance.

The first records of rosemary’s use as a medicinal herb date back to ancient times in the civilizations surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. The herb was thought to have strong effects on memory and in strengthening the mind. Later accounts include that of Queen Elisabeth of Hungary, who claimed that drinking Rosemary water led to her longevity as she lived beyond 70 years old while suffering from both gout and rheumatic disorder.

Additional historic uses of the herb include its burning to purify the air near ill people to ward off infection during the plague. It was also used by the French to kill germs during World War II (by utilising its aromatic/essential oil properties).

Rosemary’s Key Features

Key features of rosemary include:

Aromatic Leaves: Rosemary leaves are narrow, needle-like, and dark green in color. They grow in dense clusters along woody stems and are highly aromatic, releasing a strong fragrance when crushed or bruised.

Culinary Use: Rosemary is a versatile herb used in a variety of culinary dishes, particularly in Mediterranean cuisine. It pairs well with meats, poultry, fish, potatoes, bread, and vegetables. Fresh or dried rosemary leaves can be used to flavor soups, stews, sauces, marinades, rubs, and roasted dishes.

Medicinal Properties: Rosemary has a long history of use in traditional medicine for its potential health benefits. It contains several bioactive compounds, including rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, and essential oils, which have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective properties. Rosemary has been used to improve digestion, enhance cognitive function, relieve muscle pain, promote hair growth, and support overall health and well-being.

Ornamental Plant: In addition to its culinary and medicinal uses, rosemary is often grown as an ornamental plant in gardens, landscapes, and containers. It has attractive evergreen foliage, delicate blue flowers (in some varieties), and a compact growth habit, making it a popular choice for herb gardens, borders, hedges, and rock gardens.

Rosemary’s Symbolic and Cultural Significance

Rosemary has symbolic meaning in various cultures and traditions. Its symbolic uses are deeply inlaid within many cultural traditions including weddings, funerals and during religious ceremonies. The herb is seen by many as a gift by the gods and as a symbol of love, friendship and trust. It is associated with remembrance, loyalty, friendship and protection.

In Ancient times, rosemary was believed to enhance memory and mental clarity, leading to its use in rituals, ceremonies and celebrations. In modern times, rosemary is grown throughout the world and is widely used as a medicinal herb and to season food.

Health Benefits of Rosemary

Rosemary is used to treat a variety of symptoms and illnesses. Below we will explore some of these health benefits in more detail:

Antioxidant Effects of Rosemary

The most prominent modern use of Rosemary is as an antioxidant to prevent the damage caused by oxidative stress that occurs during many diseases. The brain is particularly susceptible to the effects of oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the condition’s role in diseases such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Studies have shown that the antioxidants in Rosemary, such as the carnosic and rosmarinic acids, are highly effective in combating this problem.

Antibacterial, Antiviral and Anti-Fungal Effects of Rosemary

Rosemary exhibits anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-fungal and antibacterial properties. Rosemary is touted for its ability to eliminate several harmful forms of bacteria while leaving helpful bacteria undamaged. This use of the herb is particularly effective in fighting fungal yeast infections, including candida. Rosmarinic acid is found in a variety of herbs other than Rosemary, including; thyme, oregano and peppermint.

Anti-Cancer Effects of Rosemary

Studies have also shown that Rosemary is a potent anti-carcinogenic and may play a role in treating cancer in the near future. One such study was conducted on rats and showed that Rosemary, when administered in a powdered format, prevented the effects of carcinogens by 76% and decreased the incidence of tumors in mammary glands. In addition, by reducing the damage caused by ultraviolet radiation, the herb also decreases the chances of developing skin cancer.

Rosemary as a Memory Booster

Rosemary has been thought of as a memory booster throughout history. Recent advances in the science surrounding the herb have shown that it inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine, which is a compound that plays a role in sections of the brain responsible for memory and reasoning. Rosemary may also promote memory function by increasing blood flow to the brain.

Rosemary for Muscle Pain Relief

Rosemary has been traditionally used for its analgesic (pain-relieving) and anti-inflammatory properties, making it a popular choice for relieving muscle pain and discomfort.

Here are several ways rosemary can be used for muscle pain relief:

Topical Application: Rosemary essential oil can be diluted with a carrier oil (such as coconut oil or almond oil) and applied topically to the affected area. Gently massage the oil into the skin to promote absorption and provide relief from muscle tension, soreness and stiffness. The warming and soothing properties of rosemary essential oil may help relax muscles and alleviate discomfort.

Herbal Compress: Prepare a herbal compress by steeping dried rosemary leaves in hot water for several minutes to make a strong infusion. Soak a clean cloth or towel in the warm herbal infusion, wring out the excess liquid and apply the compress to the affected area. Leave the compress on for 10-15 minutes to allow the herbal properties of rosemary to penetrate the skin and provide relief from muscle pain.

Aromatherapy: Inhaling the aroma of rosemary essential oil through aromatherapy diffusers, steam inhalation, or aromatic baths may help alleviate muscle tension and discomfort. The aromatic compounds in rosemary can stimulate circulation, promote relaxation and reduce muscle spasms, providing relief from muscle pain and stiffness.

Massage Therapy: Incorporate rosemary essential oil into massage therapy sessions to target specific areas of muscle pain and tension. Dilute the essential oil with a carrier oil and use it to massage the affected muscles gently. The combination of massage techniques and the analgesic properties of rosemary oil can help soothe sore muscles, improve circulation and promote relaxation.

Herbal Baths: Add a few drops of rosemary essential oil to warm bathwater and soak in the aromatic bath for 15-20 minutes to relieve muscle pain and tension. The warm water and aromatic steam can help relax muscles, reduce inflammation and alleviate discomfort.

Herbal Salves or Balms: Prepare homemade herbal salves or balms using rosemary-infused oil or rosemary essential oil blended with other soothing herbs and ingredients. Apply the salve or balm topically to the affected area for targeted relief from muscle pain, soreness and stiffness.

It’s important to perform a patch test before using rosemary essential oil or concentrated preparations topically to ensure that you do not have any allergic reactions or sensitivities. Additionally, if you have underlying health conditions or are pregnant or breastfeeding, it’s advisable to consult with a healthcare professional before using rosemary for muscle pain relief.

How to Take Rosemary

As well as being applied topically, and used for aromatherapy, Rosemary is commonly used as a seasoning, so there are many ways to incorporate it into the typical diet. The most common method is to simply season prepared food with the herb to taste. A tea can also be made by adding two teaspoons of the Rosemary leaves to hot water and allowing it to steep for 10 to 15 minutes. Herb butters and oils are made by adding the leaves or oil of the plant to the butter or oil and mixing thoroughly. Oil extract from the flowers is considered to be the best in quality. Rosemary is also available in capsule form.

Always take care when taking herbs and Read Our Disclaimer.

Rosemary Notes / Side Effects

Rosemary is generally recognized as safe when used in culinary amounts, and it has a long history of use as a culinary herb and traditional medicine. However, consuming large amounts of rosemary or taking concentrated rosemary supplements may lead to potential side effects for some individuals. It’s essential to use it in moderation and be aware of potential side effects, especially when using concentrated rosemary supplements or essential oils.

Here are some considerations regarding the potential side effects of rosemary:

Allergic Reactions: Some individuals may be allergic to rosemary or other plants in the Lamiaceae family, such as mint, basil, or sage. Allergic reactions can range from mild symptoms such as skin rash, itching, or nasal congestion to more severe reactions such as difficulty breathing or anaphylaxis. If you have known allergies to herbs or spices, it’s essential to use caution when using rosemary and monitor your body’s response.

Gastrointestinal Upset: In some cases, consuming large amounts of rosemary or concentrated rosemary supplements may cause digestive discomfort such as stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. This is more likely to occur with high doses or prolonged use of rosemary supplements.

Seizures: Some studies suggest that certain compounds found in rosemary, such as camphor, may have epileptogenic properties and potentially lower the seizure threshold in susceptible individuals. Although these effects are primarily associated with high doses of rosemary essential oil or concentrated rosemary extracts, individuals with epilepsy or a history of seizures should use rosemary with caution and consult with a healthcare professional.

Blood Pressure: Rosemary contains compounds that may affect blood pressure regulation. While some studies suggest that rosemary may have hypotensive (blood pressure-lowering) effects, others indicate that it may increase blood pressure in some individuals, particularly when consumed in large amounts or used topically as an essential oil. Individuals with high blood pressure or cardiovascular conditions should use rosemary cautiously and consult with a healthcare professional.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: There is limited research on the safety of rosemary during pregnancy and breastfeeding. While culinary use of rosemary in moderate amounts is generally considered safe, high doses or concentrated rosemary supplements may not be advisable during pregnancy due to the potential risk of uterine stimulation or adverse effects on fetal development. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using rosemary supplements during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

Drug Interactions: Rosemary supplements may interact with certain medications, including blood thinners, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, and medications metabolized by the liver. Rosemary contains compounds that may affect drug metabolism and interfere with the efficacy or safety of certain medications. If you are taking medications, especially those with narrow therapeutic windows or that are metabolized by the liver, it’s essential to consult with a healthcare professional before using rosemary supplements.